Preheat the oven to 375°F.
Roll out the dough to fit a 9-inch deep-dish pie plate or cast-iron skillet, trimming and fluting the edge.
In a small bowl, beat together cream cheese, sugar, one egg, and vanilla until smooth, then spread this mixture evenly into the crust.
Sprinkle the chopped pecans over the cream cheese layer.
In another bowl, whisk the remaining eggs and gradually mix in the caramel topping until fully combined.
Slowly pour this mixture over the pecans.
Bake for 35–40 minutes, loosely covering the edge with foil after 20 minutes if the crust is browning too quickly.
Once baked, allow the pie to cool on a wire rack for one hour.
Then, refrigerate for at least four hours or overnight before slicing.
For an extra touch, drizzle with more caramel topping before serving, if desired.