Peel and smash the garlic cloves to release their aroma, then set aside.
In a large bowl, whisk together the anchovy paste, smashed garlic, Dijon mustard, and lemon juice until well combined. You should notice a vibrant, tangy aroma as everything melds.
Add the mayonnaise and Parmesan cheese to the bowl, whisking until the dressing is smooth and creamy, with a slightly cheesy, pungent scent.
Chop the romaine lettuce into bite-sized pieces, then add them to the bowl.
Toss the lettuce in the dressing, ensuring each leaf gets coated in the bold, salty sauce. The leaves should glisten and feel slightly sticky from the dressing.
Toast the croutons in a dry pan over medium heat until golden brown and crispy, about 3-4 minutes. Shake the pan occasionally to prevent burning and listen for a gentle sizzle.
Sprinkle the toasted croutons over the dressed lettuce, then add more Parmesan on top for extra flavor and crunch.
Serve immediately for maximum crunch, or chill for 15 minutes if you prefer a colder, more melded flavor. The final dish should be vibrant, with crisp leaves coated in a savory, slightly sinister dressing, topped with crunchy croutons.